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- Subject: A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources (3 of 6)
- Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.answers,news.answers
- From: Una Smith <una@minerva.cis.yale.edu>
- Date: Thu, 11 Nov 1993 01:45:45 GMT
-
- Archive-name: biology/guide/part3
- Last-modified: 10 November 1993
-
-
- -*- 3. Biological Information Archives
-
- Many archives are mentioned throughout this section and elsewhere in this
- document. The access methods available for each archive are presented in
- section 3.5, List of Archives.
-
- A number of people have begun to organize the many free biological
- information archives, databases and services on the Internet into
- well-organized menus using gopher servers. These include Don Gilbert's
- IUBio service on ftp.bio.indiana.edu and Mike Cherry's collection on
- weeds.mgh.harvard.edu in the United States, Rob Harper's "Finnish EMBnet
- BioBox" on gopher.csc.fi in Finland, and Reinhard Doelz's "Information
- servers in biology (gopher based)" on gopher.embnet.unibas.ch in
- Switzerland.
-
- Yanoff (1993) is an excellent list of unusual and useful Internet
- services, a few of which are mentioned in this guide. Services listed
- include: an on-line dictionary, weather maps, a general weather report
- service, an archive of statistical programs and data sets, and various
- computers allowing public telnet sessions so that people who have Internet
- access but not Usenet can read and post Usenet articles.
-
- Stern (1993) offers an extensive list of anonymous FTP archives offering
- meteorological data.
-
- || Reinhard Doelz's Biocomputing Survival Guide (Doelz 1993) covers basic
- || Unix and VMS commands and the GCG software.
-
-
- -*- 3.1. Bibliographies
-
- Many Internet archives have searchable bibliographic databases, complete
- with abstracts. Only a few are mentioned here.
-
- A bibliography of 52,000 Drosophila research publications, dating from
- 1684 through this year, is offered on ftp.bio.indiana.edu.
-
- The US Department of Energy (DOE) Climate Data bibliography and the NASA
- Global Change Data Directory are archived on ridgisd.er.usgs.gov. The
- North American Benthological Society (NABS) offers a bibliography of
- recent literature in benthic biology on gopher.nd.edu. The Long-Term
- Ecological Research (LTER) program has put a bibliographic database and
- catalog of data sets on lternet.edu. (The actual data is not available
- on-line.) Check gopher.genethon.fr for bibliographies of sequence
- analysis and human genome research papers.
-
- The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Extension Service offers the
- Research Results Database (RRDB), containing brief summaries of recent
- research from the USDA's Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and
- Economic Research Service (ERS), by e-mail. For details, send the
- e-mail message "send guide" to almanac@esusda.gov. To receive notices
- of new RRDB titles, send the message "subscribe usda.rrdb".
-
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Library on-line
- database can be accessed for bibliographic searches via anonymous telnet
- to epaibm.rtpnc.epa.gov. A collection of GIS-related bibliographies is
- available on bastet.sbs.ohio-state.edu.
-
- Various Usenet newsgroups and mailing lists provide the tables of contents
- (TOCs) for current issues of a few journals of interest to biologists.
- Tom Schneider distributes Unix AWK scripts for converting many of these
- TOCs into BibTeX-style bibliography records: these scripts are posted in
- the Usenet newsgroup bionet.journals.note.
-
- The journal TOCs available in bionet.journals.contents include:
-
- Anatomy and Embryology
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Binary
- Biotechniques
- CABIOS
- Cell and Tissue Research
- Chromosoma
- Current Genetics
- EMBO Journal
- Environmental Physiology
- European Journal of Biochemistry
- European Journal of Physiology
- Experimental Brain Research
- Histochemistry
- Human Genetics
- IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology
- Immunogenetics
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and
- The Journal of Membrane Biology
- Journal of Molecular Evolution
- Journal of Virology
- MGG - Molecular and General Genetics
- Mammalian Genome
- Microbial Releases
- Molecular Microbiology
- Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Photosynthetica
- Plant Cell Reports
- Planta
- Protein Science
- Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology
- Theoretical and Applied Genetics
-
- The CONSLINK listserver mailing list keeps a large bibliography of
- conservation biology research papers on its archive (see section 2.4.2,
- Archives, for instructions on accessing listserver archives).
-
- The American Physiological Society offers TOCs for the following
- journals via gopher on gopher.uth.tmc.edu (port 3300):
-
- Advances in Physiology Education
- American Journal of Physiology (6 consolidated journals)
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- News in Physiological Sciences
- Physiological Reviews
- The Physiologist
-
- Other publishers supporting Internet access to information about their
- publications include
-
- Publisher Address Access
- --------------------------------------------------------------
- Addison-Wesley world.std.com ftp
- O'Reilly & Associates gopher.ora.com gopher
- Kluwer Academic Publishers world.std.com ftp
-
-
- -*- 3.2. Directories
-
- Searchable directories of scientists and research projects currently
- funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science
- Foundation (NSF), Department of Agriculture (USDA), and genome researchers
- funded by several other departments, together with several topical
- || directories, are available via gopher on gopher.gdb.org. Searches on
- researcher name, location, and field of interest are supported.
-
- A directory of 2000+ people who read the bionet.* newsgroups is available
- via gopher and anonymous FTP from net.bio.net; you can add yourself to
- the directory via gopher or e-mail (see instructions on the archive).
- A directory of researchers using Artificial Intelligence in Molecular
- Biology (AIMB) is maintained at the National Library of Medicine. To
- be included, send e-mail to Larry Hunter, hunter@work.nlm.nih.gov.
-
- Several directories of ecologists and plant biologists are kept on
- huh.harvard.edu, which is accessible via gopher and anonymous FTP.
- A directory of tropical biologists is kept in the Ecology and Evolution
- section of the gopher/anonymous FTP archive on sunsite.unc.edu.
- Richard Thorington keeps a list of mammalogists who use e-mail. To get
- yourself on the list (required to receive copies of it), send e-mail to
- mnhvz049@SIVM (via Bitnet) or mnhvz049@SIVM.si.edu.
-
-
- -*- 3.3. Software
-
- Several archives specializing in software for biologists are accessible
- via gopher and anonymous FTP. Some of these are listed in section 3.5,
- List of Archives. The first such archive in South America is the
- Brazilian Medical Informatics archive, ccsun.unicamp.br. The IUBio
- archive on ftp.bio.indiana.edu probably has the best collection in the
- United States. Botanists will appreciate the TAXACOM archive on
- huh.harvard.edu.
-
- Also, wuarchive.wustl.edu has an excellent collection of educational
- software, especially for teaching mathematics at the college and
- university levels. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications
- has developed a collection of outstanding software tools for electronic
- communications and image analysis, and makes it publicly available on
- zaphod.ncsa.uiuc.edu. Many of the latest add-on tools for the popular
- LaTeX text formatting system are archived on sun.soe.clarkson.edu,
- while sumex-aim.stanford.edu has a huge archive of Macintosh software,
- and nic.ddn.mil keeps the important Internet RFC (Request for Comments)
- documents.
-
- Jan-Peter Frahm has made available via e-mail "A Guide to Botanical
- Software for MS-DOS Computers". The software is shareware or in the
- public domain. For a copy, write him at hh216fr@duc220.uni-duisburg.de.
- Bionet.software is a good place to look for information about specific
- software programs with applications to biology. There are many Usenet
- groups devoted to discussion of software, particularly freeware and
- shareware. The well-known, huge anonymous FTP repositories of software
- are all mentioned in various published guides to the Internet (Kehoe 1992,
- Krol 1992, Lane and Summerhill 1992, LaQuey and Ryer 1992, Tennant et al.
- 1993), and are part of the common knowledge of many Usenet newsgroups.
-
-
- -*- 3.4. Data
-
- The wealth of data available on the Internet is staggering, but it is also
- widely dispersed and often difficult to track down. Rather than compile a
- list of data sets and pointers to their locations, this guide gives a list
- of locations with only a name or phrase to suggest what data may be found
- there (see section 3.5, List of Archives). Many Usenet FAQs (see section
- 4, Useful and Important FAQs) and other Internet documents mentioned in
- this guide attempt to list available databases, but many more are known
- only by word-of-mouth. The Usenet newsgroup sci.answers (also a mailing
- list; see section 2.4.3, Gateways to Usenet) carries many lists that are
- updated frequently.
-
-
- -*- 3.4.1. Repositories
-
- Various genome and other cooperative projects are now well established on
- the Internet, with large, highly organized databases that support ever more
- powerful and complex interactive or batch search queries. Most now support
- WAIS and gopher search access, and are listed in section 3.5, List of
- Archives. The future utility of these repositories depends on the donation
- of data by individual researchers. Questions, as well as data submissions
- and corrections, can be sent to the relevant administrators via e-mail
- (after Garavelli 1992):
-
- Database Address of administrator
- -------- ------------------------
- AAtDB (Arabidopsis thaliana) curator@weeds.mgh.harvard.edu
- ACEDB (Caenorhabditis elegans) rd@mrc-lmba.cam.ac.uk and
- mieg@kaa.cnrs-mop.fr
- Brookhaven pdb@chm.chm.bnl.gov
- DDBJ enquiries ddbj@ddbj.nig.ac.jp
- data submissions ddbjsub@ddbj.nig.ac.jp
- updates, publication notices ddbjupdt@ddbj.nig.ac.jp
- EDEX and JARS (Forest Ecology) goforest@gopher.yale.edu
- EMBL problems, feedback nethelp@embl-heidelberg.de
- software submissions, queries software@embl-heidelberg.de
- Data Library enquiries datalib@embl-heidelberg.de
- Data Library submissions datasubs@embl-heidelberg.de
- FlyBase (Drosophila) flybase@morgan.harvard.edu
- Inst. of Forest Genetics DB (IFGDB) ifgdb@s27w007.pswfs.gov
- || GDB help@gdb.org
- GenBank enquiries info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- || data submissions gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- updates, publication notices update@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- || Entrez questions entrez@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- || BLAST Email server blast@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- || RETRIEVE Email server retrieve@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- || EST reports Email server est_report@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Microbial Strains Data Net. (MSDN) msdn@bdt.ftpt.br and msdn@phx.cam.ac.uk
- NCBI repository@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PIR fileserv@nbrf.georgetown.edu
- SWISS-PROT bairoch@cmu.unige.ch
-
- LiMB, the Listing of Molecular Biology databases (Keen et al. 1992)
- describes most of these databases, and many more, including the names,
- regular mail addresses and telephone numbers of their keepers. To get
- the current version of LiMB by e-mail, send the text "limb-data" to
- bioserve@life.lanl.gov. For information only, send "limb-info". LiMB
- is available in hardcopy or on floppy disk: contact limb@life.lanl.gov.
-
-
- -*- 3.4.2. Search Engines
-
- | Help files can be obtained from any of the GenBank e-mail servers listed
- | in the previous section by sending the word "help" in the Subject line
- | or body of an e-mail message to the server in question.
-
- The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) supports various types
- of searches via e-mail. For more information, send the text "help" in
- e-mail to any one of these servers:
-
- EMBL File Server NetServ@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE
- FASTA FASTA@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE
- Quicksearch Quick@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE
- Swiss-Prot MPsrch Blitz@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE
-
- The BLOCKS database can be searched via e-mail. For a help file, send
- a blank e-mail message to blocks@howard.fhcrc.org, with the word "help"
- in the Subject line.
-
- | The GenMark e-mail sequence search engine was updated in the summer of
- | 1993. For instructions and new feature descriptions, send e-mail to
- | genmark@ford.gatech.edu with the word "instructions" in the Subject line
- | or body of the letter. Or contact M. Borodovsky <mb56@prism.gatech.edu>
- | or J. McIninch <gt1619a@prism.gatech.edu>.
-
- | See also Henikoff (1993).
-
- The Sequence Retrival System (SRS) program for VAX VMS computer systems
- is available via anonymous FTP on the EMBnet node biomed.uio.no (Norway)
- or genetics.upenn.edu (USA).
-
- Three U.S. herbaria now provide e-mail search support of:
-
- Type specimens of the mint family from the Harvard Herbaria,
- comprising 1100 records.
-
- The complete herbarium catalog of Michigan State University,
- Kellog Biological Station Herbarium, an NSF LTER site, consisting
- of 6000 specimen records.
-
- The Flora of Mt. Kinabalu; 16,300 specimen records of all vascular
- plant collections from the mountain.
-
- E-mail addresses for sending queries are:
-
- Harvard Mint Types: herbdata@huh.harvard.edu
- Kellogg Herbarium: herbdata%kbs.decnet@clvax1.cl.msu.edu
- Flora of Mt. Kinabalu: herbdata@herbarium.bpp.msu.edu
-
- Send the message "help" to receive a usage guide, and if you think
- there might be difficulties with your return address, send that as
- well by adding a line with the text "replyaddress=" followed by your
- prefered e-mail address.
-
- Anyone who does a lot of field work will appreciate the Geographic Name
- Server, which can provide the latitude and longitude, and the elevation
- of most places in the United States: all cities and counties are covered,
- as well as some national parks and some geographical features (mountains,
- rivers, lakes, etc.). Telnet to martini.eecs.umich.edu, port 3000 (no
- username needed) and type "help" for instructions.
-
-
- -*- 3.5. List of Archives
-
- Computer sites supporting some sort of public access, and of some
- interest to biologists are listed here, together with means of access.
-
- e - e-mail file requests (see notes this section for e-mail addresses).
- E - e-mail search requests (see notes this section).
- f - anonymous FTP (see section 3.6.3, Anonymous FTP by E-mail, if you
- cannot use FTP).
- g - gopher server
- G - gopher server plus WAIS index searches
- t - public telnet access
- T - public telnet access plus e-mail returns of search results
- W - WAIS server plus WAIS index searches
-
- Internet node name Topic/Agency Access method
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ftp.bio.indiana.edu (IN USA) IUBIO Genbank, FlyBase fG
- ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (MD USA) NCBI f
- ftp.embl-heidelberg.de (Germany) EMBL Data Library Efg
- coli.polytechnique.fr (France) EMBLnet G
- ftp.bchs.uh.edu (TX USA) Genbank, PIR fG
- helix.nih.gov (MD USA) Genbank, PDB, PIR etc. G
- ncifcrf.gov (MD USA) Biol. Information Theory f
- finsun.csc.fi (Finland) Prosite, Rebase-Enzyme G
- pdb.pdb.bnl.gov (NY USA) Protein Data Bank G
- ftp.tigr.org Inst. for Genomic Rsch. f
- golgi.harvard.edu (MA USA) f
- megasun.bch.umontreal.ca Molecular evolution G
- nic.funet.fi (Finland)
- gopher.csc.fi (Finland)
- nic.switch.ch (Switzerland) EMBnet fG W [10]
- rdp.life.uiuc.edu Ribosomal DB Project f
-
- world.std.com A major entry-point fG
- sunsite.unc.edu (NC USA) Many subjects EfGt [4]
- gopher.ciesin.org Earth Sciences G
- locus.nalusda.go (USA) Nat. Agri. Library G
- s27w007.pswfs.gov (USA) Forest Genetics G
- biomed.uio.no (Norway) Genome data T
- gopher.embnet.unibas.ch (Switzer.)
- biox.embnet.unibas.ch (Switzerland) Genome data G
- || gopher.gdb.org (MD USA) GDB Genome Data Bank G
- weeds.mgh.harvard.edu (MA USA) Arabidopsis, C. elegans G
- mendel.agron.iastate.edu (IA USA) Soy genome G
- greengenes.cit.cornell.edu (NY USA) Triticeae genome G
- teosinte.agron.missouri.edu (USA) Maize genome G
- gopher.duke.edu (NC USA) Chlamydomonas G [2]
- picea.cfnr.colostate.edu (CO USA) f
- poplar1.cfr.washington.edu (WA USA) Populus genetics f
- esusda.gov (USA) USDA Extension Service G
- infoserver.ciesin.org CIESIN Global Change G
-
- mobot.org (MO USA) Missouri Bot. Garden f
- life.anu.edu.au (Australia) Bioinformatics fG
- igc.org (CA USA) EcoNet f
- gopher.yale.edu (CT USA) Ecol. Data EXchange g
- lternet.edu (WA USA) LTERnet G
- spider.ento.csiro.au (Australia) Entomology f
- gopher.uth.tmc.edu (port 3300) Physiology G
- envirolink.hss.cmu.edu (DE USA) Environment GT [6]
- ecosys.drdr.virginia.edu (VA USA) Ecosystems GT
- sparc.ecology.uga.edu (GA USA) Ecology, Coweeta LTER G
- ngdc1.ngdc.noaa.gov (USA) Paleoclimatology f [1]
- huh.harvard.edu (MA USA) Harvard Univ. Herbaria fG
- simsc.si.edu (DC USA) Smithsonian Inst. f [3]
- ucmp1.berkeley.edu (CA USA) Vertebrate museum G
- bdt.ftpt.br (Brazil) Biodiversity fG
- coli.polytechnique.fr (France) Molecular evolution G
- fconvx.ncifcrf.gov (MD USA) Mathematical Biology f
- cheops.anu.edu.au Radiocarbon Abstracts fG W
-
- bluehen.ags.udel.edu (DE USA) Entomology G
- minerva.forestry.umn.edu (MN USA) Forestry G
- ucsbuxa.ucsb.edu (CA USA) Biology G
- evolution.genetics.washington.edu Evolution f
- evolution.bchs.uh.edu (TX USA) Evolution f
-
- martini.eecs.umich.edu (MI USA) Geographic Name Server t [7]
- wigeo.wu-wien.ac.at (Austria) Geography G
- geogopher.ucdavis.edu (CA USA) Geology G
- isdres.er.usgs.gov (VA USA) US Geological Survey f
- pippin.memst.edu CERI Earthquake Center G
- cdiac.esd.ornl.gov CDIAC f
- saturn.soils.umn.edu (MN USA) Geology G
- kiawe.soest.hawaii.edu (HA USA) Generic Mapping Tools f
- tycho.usno.navy.mil U.S. Naval Observatory t [8]
- nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov NSSDC On-Line Service t [9]
-
- granta.uchicago.edu (IL USA) Physics Resources G
- xyz.lanl.gov (NM USA) LANL Nonlinear Science G
- mentor.lanl.gov (NM USA) LANL Physics G
- info.mcs.anl.gov (IL USA) Argonne National Lab. f
-
- stis.nsf.gov (DC USA) Nat. Science Foundation fG
- rtfm.mit.edu (MA USA) Usenet FAQ repository ef [5]
- jse.stat.ncsu.edu (NC USA) Journal of Stat. Educ. fG
- ftp.sas.com (NC USA) SAS-related information f
- zaphod.ncsa.uiuc.edu (IN USA) Supercomputing f
- lupulus.ssc.gov Young Scientists Net. f
- ksuvxa.kent.edu Directory of lists f
- sun.soe.clarkson.edu LaTeX tools f
-
- Notes:
-
- 1: info@mail.ngdc.noaa.gov;
- 2: chlamy@acpub.duke.edu;
- 3: david@simsc.si.edu;
- 4: info@sunsite.unc.edu, telnet username "swais" for WAIS seaches,
- telnet username "gopher" for plain gopher access;
- 5: see section 3.6.2, Anonymous FTP, and section 3.6.3, Anonymous FTP
- by E-mail;
- 6: Telnet username "gopher", password "envirolink";
- 7: Use port 3000, no username, "help" gets instructions;
- 8: Telnet username "ads".
- 9: Telnet username "nodis".
- 10: Anonymous FTP from within Switzerland only.
-
-
- -*- 3.6. Access Tools
-
- All Internet tools share the quirk that they are actually three things:
- a "server" or "daemon" program that runs all the time on a host computer
- and accepts requests to connect over the Internet, a "client" program that
- people use to connect to or access these servers, and a standard protocol
- that allows many different versions of clients and servers to talk to one
- another without difficulty.
-
- Most of the recently published books about the Internet describe these
- tools in detail. Kehoe (1992), the first to appear, was offered first
- in a free electronic version over the Internet; it is still available
- from many anonymous FTP archives around the world, in a directory named
- something like pub/zen/. Krol (1992) has received excellent reviews.
- See the bibliography for other books.
-
- A new item: the EARN Association has published a Guide to Network
- Resource Tools (May 3, 1993), which is available via e-mail from
- listserv@EARNCC.bitnet, by sending the message "get nettools ps" for
- a PostScript version or "get nettools memo" for a plain text version.
- The guide covers almost every tool mentioned here, including example.
-
- A few host computers mentioned in this guide allow the public to telnet
- to the host, and then use the host computer to access servers via gopher,
- WAIS or the Web. These arrangements are offered as a courtesy to those
- people who do not have the necessary client software on their own
- computers, and want to try these tools before going to the trouble of
- installing the client software themselves. Although licensing has been
- discussed for some of these tools (namely, certain versions of gopher),
- at present they are all free, and several are explicitly in the public
- domain or carry free GNU licenses.
-
-
- -*- 3.6.1. Telnet
-
- Telnet allows someone using a computer with full Internet access to access
- another computer over the Internet and login there, assuming he or she has
- login privileges on that computer as well. Anonymous telnet sessions are
- generally not permitted, but occasionally usernames are created with
- restricted privileges, for use by the Internet public. Several of these
- are listed in section 3.5, List of Archives, and in Yanoff (1993).
-
-
- -*- 3.6.2. Anonymous FTP
-
- FTP stands for file transfer protocol, and is the name of a program used
- for file transfers between computers with full Internet access, assuming
- you have privileges on both the local and remote computers. Anonymous FTP
- is a common practice whereby anyone on the Internet may transfer files from
- (and sometimes to) a remote system with the userid "anonymous" and an
- arbitrary password. By convention, anonymous FTP users provide their
- e-mail addresses when asked for a password. This is useful to those
- archive managers who must justify to their bosses the time spent providing
- this free (but not cheap) service. Some sites restrict when transfers may
- be made from their archives, and most prefer that large transfers be made
- only during off-hours (relative to that site).
-
- To receive a short guide to using anonymous FTP, send e-mail with the
- text "help" to info@sunsite.unc.edu.
-
-
- -*- 3.6.3. Anonymous FTP by E-mail
-
- Bitnet does not support telnet or FTP sessions, but many Bitnet nodes are
- also full Internet sites, and so do support telnet and FTP. For those
- who only have access to computers on Bitnet, Princeton University offers
- a file transfer service by e-mail. Bitftp@PUCC.bitnet will send a help
- file in response to the message "help". There is an identical server in
- Germany: Bitftp@DEARN from within Bitnet/EARN or bitftp@vm.gmd.de from
- the Internet. This server should be used only for FTP requests involving
- transfers within Europe. If you have neither full Internet access nor an
- account on a Bitnet node, you can still get files from anonymous FTP
- archives by e-mail courtesy of ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com, which will send
- instructions in response to the word "help" followed by "quit" on separate
- lines of an e-mail message.
-
- Also, you can retrieve formal Usenet FAQs via e-mail from the Usenet FAQ
- repository, rtfm.mit.edu: to get a help file, a list of all the FAQs
- stored there, and the latest version of this guide, send e-mail to
- mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the text
-
- help
- index
- send usenet/news.answers/biology/guide
-
-
- -*- 3.6.4. Gopher
-
- Gopher is a user-interface program that makes FTP and other types of
- connections for computer users when they select an item in a menu. It
- is an easy way to get stuff off the Internet without having to know
- where the stuff lives. Gopher is free, and there are nice versions
- for most types of computers, especially Unix workstations and Macs.
- It was invented at the University of Minnesota; current versions can
- be retrieved via anonymous FTP from boombox.micro.umn.edu. The name
- is a clever pun on the "go-for" person who runs errands for people,
- and on the burrowing rodent, which pops down a "hole" in the Internet
- and comes back up who-knows-where. Bionet.general, bionet.software,
- and bionet.users.addresses are good places to learn more about biology-
- related gopher services. Comp.infosystems.gopher is the newsgroup
- for gopher-related issues in general. The FAQ for this group is stored
- on rtfm.mit.edu in the file pub/usenet/news.answers/gopher-faq.
- There is an entire chapter on gopher in Krol (1992).
-
-
- -*- 3.6.5. Archie
-
- Archie helps people locate items (documents, software, etc.) in thousands
- of anonymous FTP archives around the world. Archie clients for many types
- of computer, and documentation, can be retrieved via anonymous FTP from
- any archie server (see below) in the /pub/archie/doc/ directory, or by
- e-mail from archie-admin@ans.net.
-
- Archie can be used via e-mail, by sending e-mail with a list of commands
- to archie@ans.net. For details, send the command "help". Due to the very
- high demand for this service, requests should be made via e-mail or clients
- rather than telnet-ing to an archie server. Please try to use archie only
- outside of working hours, make your query as specific as possible, and use
- the archie server nearest you: archie.au in Australia; archie.funet.fi in
- Finland; archie.th-darmstadt.de in Germany; archie.doc.ic.ac.uk in Great
- Britain; archie.cs.huji.ac.il in Israel; archie.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp and
- archie.wide.ad.jp in Japan; archie.sogang.ac.kr in Korea; archie.nz in
- New Zealand; archie.luth.se in Sweden; archie.ncu.edu.tw in Taiwan;
- archie.ans.net, archie.rutgers.edu, archie.sura.net and archie.unl.net
- in the United States.
-
-
- -*- 3.6.6. Veronica
-
- Veronica is a very easy rodent-oriented net-wide index to computerized
- archives. Veronica's name is a play on the concepts of both gopher and
- archie. (Remember the comic book couple Archie and Veronica? Veronica
- does for gopher what archie does for anonymous FTP.) Veronica searches
- through hundreds of gopher holes looking for anything that matches a
- keyword supplied by the user, and assembles a list of gopher servers that
- contain items of interest. Note: veronica checks *titles* of gopher
- items only, not their contents.
-
- There is a veronica database specifically for biology resources in the
- || gopher server on gopher.gdb.org, under menu item "Search Databases
- at Hopkins...". Its name is BOING, or Bio Oriented INternet Gophers.
-
- At present, there are no veronica clients; veronica is a gopher tool.
- An informal veronica FAQ is posted regularly in comp.infosystems.gopher
- and archived on veronica.scs.unr.edu as veronica/veronica-faq.
-
-
- -*- 3.6.7. Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS)
-
- The idea behind WAIS is to make anonymous FTP archives more accessible
- by indexing their contents for easy searching and browsing. The client's
- user interface is simple, but the concept is so powerful that nearly
- everyone with an anonymous FTP archive has spent part of 1992 and 1993
- building WAIS indices of all available material (software, data, documents
- and other information). In the course of all this effort an enormous
- amount of information that has been available for years or even decades
- has suddenly become publicly available for the first time all in the past
- year. WAIS servers are often used as back-end engines for gopher servers.
- Gopher archives are built by hand, but WAIS bundles and organizes related
- items automatically, and thus greatly extends the functionality of gopher.
-
- Good WAIS client programs for the Mac (WAIStation) and PC (PCWAIS) are
- available on the anonymous FTP archive at think.com. If your computer
- has full Internet access, you can try out WAIS on a Unix system, courtesy
- of Thinking Machines Corp., by telnetting to quake.think.com. Use the
- username "wais" and give your e-mail address as the password. See the
- newsgroup comp.infosystems.wais for more details, or see the WAIS FAQ
- (section 4, Useful and Important FAQs).
-
-
- -*- 3.6.8. World-Wide Web (WWW)
-
- WWW is yet another tool for gathering useful information from the Internet.
- It was invented at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN),
- Switzerland. WWW looks like a document that users can open and read, but
- selecting certain words via mouse or keyboard causes other documents to be
- retrieved and opened for inspection. The most powerful aspect of WWW at
- present is the ease with which seamless, attractive on-line documentation
- can be created, that is easy to find and browse, no matter where on the
- Internet the actual documents are. You can try WWW, courtesy of CERN:
- telnet to info.cern.ch (no username needed).
-
- --
- Una Smith
-
- Yale University, Department of Biology, Osborn Memorial Laboratories,
- PO Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8155 smith-una@yale.edu
-
-